General Surgery Conditions & Treatments
Written by
Md. Salauddin Biswas
MA in Medical Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany | Former Senior Research Associate, James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University | Health Content Writer & SEO Specialist | Published: BMC Human Resources for Health | EEAT-Optimized Medical Content
🩺 Medically reviewed and approved by: Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam
FCPS (Surgery) · MS (Colorectal Surgery) · FACS (Fellow, American College of Surgeons) Assistant Professor (Colorectal Surgery), Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka.
📅 Last reviewed: March 2026
General Surgery Conditions & Treatments in Dhaka — Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam: Gallstones, Hernia, Appendicitis, CBD Stone, Stomach Cancer & All General Surgery Procedures in Bangladesh
General Surgery / সাধারণ অস্ত্রোপচার / সাধারণ শল্য চিকিৎসা
সাধারণ অস্ত্রোপচার (general surgery বা সাধারণ শল্য চিকিৎসা) হলো পেট, অন্ত্র, স্তন, হরমোন গ্রন্থি এবং কোমল টিস্যুর রোগ নির্ণয় ও চিকিৎসার শল্য বিশেষত্ব। এতে জরুরি অপারেশন (তীব্র অ্যাপেন্ডিসাইটিস, পেপটিক আলসার ছিদ্র) এবং পরিকল্পিত অপারেশন (পিত্তথলির পাথর অপসারণ, হার্নিয়া মেরামত, ক্যান্সার সার্জারি) অন্তর্ভুক্ত। বাংলাদেশে সাধারণ অস্ত্রোপচার সবচেয়ে সাধারণ শল্য বিশেষত্ব — সমস্ত জরুরি এবং পরিকল্পিত পেটের অপারেশন এর অন্তর্ভুক্ত।
General surgery is the surgical specialty covering diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the abdomen, gastrointestinal tract, breast, endocrine glands and soft tissues. It encompasses both emergency procedures (acute appendicitis, perforated peptic ulcer, acute cholecystitis) and elective procedures (gallstone removal, hernia repair, cancer surgery). In Bangladesh, general surgery accounts for the majority of surgical emergencies and elective procedures — making it the most common surgical specialty.
Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam is a general surgeon with 20+ years of experience treating the full spectrum of general surgical conditions — from acute emergencies requiring immediate surgery to complex cancer procedures requiring multidisciplinary planning. This page covers everything a Bangladeshi patient needs to know about general surgery conditions: gallstones, hernia, appendicitis, CBD stones, stomach cancer, hydrocele and benign/malignant tumours.
Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam manages general surgery emergencies and elective procedures in Dhaka — including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, hernia repair, emergency appendicectomy, gastrectomy for stomach cancer, and soft tissue tumour excision — for patients referred from across Bangladesh. This page covers everything a Bangladeshi patient or their family needs to know about general surgery: conditions, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options and what to expect after surgery.
সংক্ষেপে / Quick Summary
- General surgery — surgical specialty covering abdomen, GI tract, breast, endocrine glands and soft tissues
- Most common general surgery conditions in Bangladesh: gallstones (10-15% prevalence), hernia (inguinal most common), appendicitis (surgical emergency), CBD stones (choledocholithiasis), stomach cancer, hydrocele, and benign/malignant tumours
- Gallstones: 10-15% of Bangladeshis have gallstones — most asymptomatic but 20% develop symptoms requiring cholecystectomy
- Hernia: Most common surgical condition worldwide — inguinal hernia repair is the single most frequently performed operation
- Appendicitis: Surgical emergency — acute appendicitis requires emergency appendicectomy within 24-48 hours to prevent perforation and peritonitis
- CBD stones: Gallstones migrating into common bile duct — cause jaundice, pancreatitis, cholangitis — require urgent ERCP or surgical extraction
- Stomach cancer: 5th most common cancer globally — most Bangladeshi patients present at advanced stage — curative treatment is gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy + chemotherapy
- Hydrocele: Fluid around testicle — painless but can cause discomfort — treated surgically with high success rate
- Minimally invasive techniques: Laparoscopy, ERCP now standard for most general surgery procedures — faster recovery, less pain, shorter hospital stay
- Dr. Nazrul Islam: 20+ years experience, 50,000+ procedures, FCPS + MS (Colorectal Surgery) + FACS — performs all general surgery procedures including complex gastrectomy and cancer surgery
কেন ডা. নজরুল ইসলাম? / Why Choose Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam — General Surgeon, Dhaka
When searching for a general surgeon in Dhaka or the best general surgeon in Bangladesh, patients are looking for four things: the right qualifications, real surgical experience, access to modern techniques and a surgeon they can trust with a serious condition. Dr. Nazrul meets all four:
🎓 Qualifications — FCPS · MS (Colorectal Surgery) · FACS
FCPS (Surgery) from the College of Physicians and Surgeons Bangladesh — the highest surgical qualification in Bangladesh. MS in Colorectal Surgery — dedicated postgraduate specialisation in colorectal and anorectal surgery, in addition to general surgery training. This dual expertise (general surgery + colorectal specialisation) is rare in Bangladesh. FACS — Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. One of very few surgeons in Bangladesh with all three qualifications combined.
🏥 Academic Post — Assistant Professor, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College
Teaching hospital appointment ensures exposure to the full spectrum of general surgical conditions, including complex and rare presentations that private-only practice may not see. Academic surgeons maintain up-to-date knowledge and are held to teaching hospital standards.
📊 Experience — 20+ Years · 50,000+ Procedures · 300,000+ Patients
Two decades of dedicated general surgical practice in Bangladesh. Over 50,000 surgical procedures performed. Over 300,000 patients assessed and treated. Volume and experience are the strongest predictors of surgical outcome — particularly for complex procedures like gastrectomy, colectomy, complex hernia repair and cancer surgery.
🔬 Modern Techniques — Minimally Invasive Surgery
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Keyhole gallbladder removal — faster recovery than open surgery, less pain, same-day discharge or overnight stay
- Laparoscopic appendicectomy: Minimally invasive appendix removal — particularly useful in perforated appendicitis
- Laparoscopic hernia repair (TEP, TAPP): Tension-free mesh repair with minimal tissue trauma — lower recurrence rates, faster return to work
- ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Non-surgical removal of CBD stones — avoids open surgery in most cases
- Laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Minimally invasive colon and rectal surgery
- Low Anterior Resection (LAR): Sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery avoiding permanent colostomy
- Gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy: Curative surgery for stomach cancer
These techniques are not universally available in Bangladesh — patients travelling from outside Dhaka come specifically for these procedures.
📋 Memberships & Registration
BMDC registered. Member, Association of Surgeons of Bangladesh. Fellow, American College of Surgeons (FACS). Associate Fellow, American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (FASCRS).
সকল সাধারণ অস্ত্রোপচার রোগ / All General Surgery Conditions Treated by Dr. Nazrul Islam
Dr. Nazrul treats the complete range of general surgery conditions. Select your condition below for the full patient guide — symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options in Bangladesh:
পিত্তথলির পাথর / Gallstones
Gallstones are solid deposits that form in the gallbladder — affect 10-15% of Bangladeshis. Most are asymptomatic; 20% develop symptoms (biliary colic, cholecystitis). Treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (keyhole gallbladder removal) — day-care or overnight procedure.
হার্নিয়া / Hernia
A hernia is a bulge of tissue through a weakness in the abdominal wall — most common in the groin (inguinal hernia). Causes: straining, coughing, heavy lifting, pregnancy, obesity. Treated surgically with tension-free mesh repair — laparoscopic or open depending on type.
অ্যাপেন্ডিক্সের ব্যথা / Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the appendix — a surgical emergency. Symptoms: right lower abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting. Requires emergency appendicectomy within 24-48 hours to prevent perforation and peritonitis. Laparoscopic or open depending on presentation.
অপারেশনের জায়গায় হার্নিয়া / Incisional Hernia
A hernia that develops through a previous surgical scar — occurs in 10-15% of abdominal surgeries. Causes: infection, poor wound healing, obesity, straining. Treated surgically with mesh reinforcement — laparoscopic or open repair.
অণ্ডকোষে পানি / Hydrocele
Accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testicle — causes painless scrotal swelling. Common in Bangladesh. Usually asymptomatic but can cause discomfort or fertility concerns. Treated surgically with high-ligation of the patent processus vaginalis.
পিত্তনালীতে পাথর / CBD Stone
Gallstones that migrate into the common bile duct — cause jaundice, pancreatitis, cholangitis. A surgical emergency if causing acute cholangitis. Treated with ERCP (endoscopic stone removal) or surgical extraction if ERCP fails.
পাকস্থলীর ক্যান্সার / Stomach Cancer
Malignant tumour of the stomach — 5th most common cancer globally. Most Bangladeshi patients present at advanced stage. Symptoms: persistent indigestion, weight loss, difficulty swallowing. Curative treatment is gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy + perioperative chemotherapy.
শরীরের উপরের অংশে টিউমার / Soft Tissue Tumor
Benign tumours: lipoma (fatty lump), cyst, fibroadenoma. Malignant tumours: sarcoma, melanoma, soft tissue cancers. Diagnosis requires imaging and biopsy. Treatment: surgical excision with appropriate margins. Complex tumours may require multidisciplinary approach.
সচরাচর জিজ্ঞাসা / Frequently Asked Questions — General Surgery
সাধারণ অস্ত্রোপচার কি? / What is general surgery?
General surgery is the surgical specialty covering diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the abdomen, gastrointestinal tract, breast, endocrine glands and soft tissues. It includes both emergency procedures (acute appendicitis, perforated ulcer) and elective procedures (gallstone removal, hernia repair, cancer surgery). In Bangladesh, general surgeons perform the majority of surgical procedures — making it the most common surgical specialty.
পিত্তথলির পাথর কেন হয়? / Why do gallstones form?
Gallstones form when cholesterol or bilirubin in bile crystallises and hardens. Risk factors: female sex, age over 40, obesity, rapid weight loss, family history, diabetes. Most gallstones are asymptomatic — discovered incidentally on ultrasound. Only 20% of people with gallstones develop symptoms requiring treatment.
হার্নিয়া কেন হয়? / Why do hernias develop?
A hernia develops when there is a weakness in the abdominal wall muscles, allowing tissue (usually fat or bowel) to bulge through. Causes: straining (chronic coughing, constipation), heavy lifting, pregnancy, obesity, previous surgery, smoking. Inguinal hernias are 6x more common in men than women. Hernias do not heal on their own — surgical repair is the only definitive treatment.
অ্যাপেন্ডিসাইটিস কি জরুরি অবস্থা? / Is appendicitis a surgical emergency?
Yes — acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency. If untreated, the inflamed appendix can perforate (burst), spilling infected material into the abdominal cavity and causing life-threatening peritonitis and sepsis. Emergency appendicectomy must be performed within 24-48 hours of symptom onset. Do not delay if you have right lower abdominal pain + fever + nausea.
পিত্তনালীতে পাথর কি বিপজ্জনক? / Are CBD stones dangerous?
Yes — CBD stones (choledocholithiasis) can cause serious complications. If a stone blocks the common bile duct completely, it causes: jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes), acute pancreatitis (severe abdominal pain, vomiting), or acute cholangitis (fever, jaundice, right upper abdominal pain — a medical emergency). CBD stones require urgent treatment — either ERCP (endoscopic removal) or surgical extraction.
পেটের অপারেশনের পর হার্নিয়া কেন হয়? / Why do incisional hernias develop after surgery?
Incisional hernias develop through a previous surgical scar in 10-15% of abdominal surgeries. Causes: infection of the surgical wound, poor wound healing, obesity, smoking, straining (coughing, constipation) in the early post-operative period, and inadequate surgical technique. Risk is higher in emergency surgery and in patients with poor nutrition or chronic illness.
লেপারোস্কোপিক সার্জারি কি নিরাপদ? / Is laparoscopic surgery safe?
Yes — laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery is safe and has become the gold standard for most general surgery procedures in Bangladesh. Advantages: smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, lower infection risk, faster return to work. Disadvantages: slightly higher cost, requires specialised equipment and training. Complication rates are similar to or lower than open surgery in experienced hands.
পেটের ক্যান্সার সার্জারি কি কার করাবো? / Who should perform stomach cancer surgery?
Stomach cancer surgery (gastrectomy) is a complex, high-risk operation requiring specialised training and high case volume. It should be performed by a surgeon with: (1) dedicated training in gastrointestinal/surgical oncology, (2) high annual case volume (minimum 20-30 gastrectomies per year), (3) access to perioperative chemotherapy (FLOT), (4) multidisciplinary team support (oncology, anaesthesia, nutrition). Dr. Nazrul Islam meets all these criteria.
জরুরি সার্জারি ও পরিকল্পিত সার্জারির মধ্যে পার্থক্য কি? / What is the difference between emergency and elective surgery?
Emergency surgery is performed urgently (within hours to days) for life-threatening conditions: acute appendicitis, perforated peptic ulcer, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, bowel obstruction, abdominal trauma. Elective surgery is planned in advance for non-life-threatening conditions: gallstone removal (asymptomatic or chronic symptoms), hernia repair, benign tumour removal. Emergency surgery carries higher risk due to time pressure and patient condition — but is necessary to save life.
সার্জারির পর কতদিন কাজ করতে পারব? / How long before I can return to work after surgery?
Return to work depends on the type of surgery and job:
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 1-2 weeks for desk work, 4-6 weeks for heavy work
- Laparoscopic hernia repair: 2-3 weeks for desk work, 6-8 weeks for heavy work
- Open hernia repair: 4-6 weeks for desk work, 8-12 weeks for heavy work
- Appendicectomy: 2-4 weeks for desk work, 6-8 weeks for heavy work
- Gastrectomy: 6-8 weeks for desk work, 3-4 months for heavy work
Always follow your surgeon’s specific advice based on your operation and recovery.
General Surgery Consultation & Emergency Assessment in Dhaka
Whether you have acute abdominal pain requiring emergency assessment, or a chronic condition like gallstones or hernia that needs surgical planning — Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam provides comprehensive general surgery care in Dhaka. For emergency assessment, surgical consultation or surgical opinion on any general surgery condition — do not delay.
📞 Call or WhatsApp: +88019 7684 2234
About the Author
Md. Salauddin Biswas
MA Medical Anthropology, University of Heidelberg | Senior Research Associate, BRAC University | Published in BMC Human Resources for Health (2015) and American Journal of Advances in Anthropology (2013). Research focus: healthcare access and patient behaviour in South Asia.
Medically Reviewed by
Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam
FCPS (Surgery) · MS (Colorectal Surgery) · FACS | General & Colorectal Surgeon, Dhaka | Asst. Professor, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College | 20+ years · 50,000+ procedures · 300,000+ patients | Full profile
⚠️ Medical Disclaimer: This page is for general patient education only and does not replace professional medical advice. Symptoms described may have many causes. However, acute abdominal pain, fever, jaundice or signs of surgical emergency require immediate hospital assessment — do not self-diagnose or delay seeking care. For assessment, surgical consultation or surgical opinion on any general surgery condition in Dhaka, contact Dr. Muhammad Nazrul Islam at +88019 7684 2234.
Serial: +88 09606990000